Zithunzi zomveka zamagalasi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera mankhwala opangira zibowo. Zida zilizonse zopangira zomwe zimatha kuwola (kukazinga) pamtunda wapamwamba mu galasi popanga mpweya kapena kuchepetsa kuchotsedwa kwa masamba mugalasi mugalasi mumadzimadzi amatchedwa kuti chofotokozera. Malinga ndi makina ovomerezeka agalasi, imatha kugawika: oxide wamba (omwe amadziwika kuti: Kumveketsa bwino kwa oxygen), omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ofotokozera).
1. Oxidirier
Zovala zomveka makamaka zimaphatikizapo zoyera zoyera, zonyansa za arsenic, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ndi ceraum oxide.
1. Oyera arsenic
Choyera cha arsenic, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti arnydride, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kodziwika bwino ndi tanthauzo labwino kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti "mfumu yofotokozera" m'makampani agalasi. Koma arsenic yoyera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi nitrate kuti akwaniritse bwino. Zoyera zoyera zimasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi ozizira ndikusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi otentha. Ndiwowopsa kwambiri. Ndi ufa woyera wa kristolo kapena mankhwala a ma amorphous. Monga chotupa cha golide, arsenic imvi nthawi zambiri imvi, imvi kapena imvi-chakuda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira. arsenic. Pamene arsenic oyera akatenthedwa mpaka madigiri opitilira 400, imapanga arsenic pentoxide ndi okosijeni omwe adatulutsidwa ndi nitrate pamtunda wokwera. Atatchera madigiri 1300, arsenic pentiide adzawola kutulutsa truenic trioxide. Ndizothandiza kukula kwa thovu ndipo imathandizira kuchotsedwa kwa thovu, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chofotokozera.
Kuchuluka kwa arsenic yoyera nthawi zambiri amakhala 0,2% -0.6% ya kuchuluka kwa batch, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nitrate kuyambitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa arsenic yoyera. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri arsenic yoyera kumangokulitsa mawuwo, komanso ndikuipitsa chilengedwe ndipo kumavulaza thupi la munthu. 0.06 magalamu a arsenic yoyera imatha kupha. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito chidengeni choyera, munthu wapadera ayenera kuyikidwa kuti athe kuteteza ziwonetsero zoizoni. Galasi yokhala ndi yoyera ya arsenic popeza kuti kumvetsetsa ndikosavuta kuchepetsa ndi kudandaula kapu mukamagwira ntchito ya nyali, kotero kuti arsenic yoyera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono kapena ayi.
2. Antrace Oxide
Zovuta za antide ndi zofanana ndi za arsenic, ndipo ziyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito molumikizana ndi nitrate. Kufotokozera ndi kuwola kutentha kogwiritsa ntchito antut ant oxide ndi wotsika kuposa wa arsenic, motero antharity antser nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galasi loyeserera pomwe galasi lotsogolera limasungunuka. Mu sodi laimu ya lime, 0,2% antharity oxide ndi 0,4% arsenic yoyera imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kumveketsa kwa othandizira, omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu ndipo amatha kupewetsa m'badwo wachiwiri wa thovu.
3. nitrate
Nitrate wokha samagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kumvetsetsa bwino mugalasi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wopereka wa oxygen kuphatikiza ma oxidi osintha.
4. Cerium dioxide
Crium Dioxide imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri ndipo ndi kumvekera kwabwino kwambiri, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zosaphika. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngati kumvetsetsa, sikuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi nitrate, ndipo imatha kumasula mpweya, ndipo imatha kumasula mpweya pawokha pamtunda wambiri kuti ufulumitse kumveketsa. Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi sulfate popanga mipira yamagalasi kuti ikwaniritse zomverera bwino.
2. Sulfate Clairier
A SulPans omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mugalasi amakhala makamaka sodium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, ndi kusungunuka ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Ngati sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yofotokozera, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito molumikizana ndi oxidizing wothandizira nitrate, ndipo sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi wochepetsera kuti mupewe kusungunula moto wotsika. Sulfate nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mugalasi ya botolo ndi galasi lathyathyathya, ndipo mlingo wake ndi 1.0% -1.5% ya mtanda.
3..
Makamaka fluoride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride ndi zina zotero. Fluoride amakonda ma fluorite komanso sodium fluorteril. Kuchuluka kwa fluorite omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofotokozera nthawi zambiri kumawerengedwa kutengera 0,5% fluorine yoyambitsidwa ndi mtanda. Mlingo wambiri wa sodium fluorosil ulmosil medication ndi 0,4% -0.6% ya kuchuluka kwa sodium oxide mugalasi. Pakusungunuka kwa fluoride, gawo la fluorine limatulutsa hailogen fluoride, silicon fluoride, ndi sodium fluoride. Mavuto ake ndi akulu kuposa a sulufule daoxide. Mphamvu zam'mlengalenga ziyenera kuzilingalira mukamagwiritsa ntchito. The Vaporirization ndi volatilization ya sodium chloride pa kutentha kwambiri kumatha kulimbikitsa kumveketsa kwamagalasi. Mlingo waukulu ndi 1.3% -3.5% ya zinthu za batch. Zochuluka kwambiri zimakweza galasi. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinsinsi chagalasi okhala ndi boron.
Zinayi zowonjezera
Wophatikiza kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito maubwino atatu a kumveka bwino kwa zojambulajambula, kumveketsa kwa sulufur ndi kumveketsa kwazinthu zitatuzo, zomwe zingakwaniritse mphamvu kupitilizabe. Ndi kumveketsa kamodzi. Wothandizirayo ndi wosayerekezeka. Malinga ndi gawo la chitukuko, kuli: M'badwo woyamba wa gulu Mbadwo wachitatu wa zofotokozera zazophatikiza umatchedwanso m'badwo watsopano wa chilengedwe chachilengedwe, omwe ndi obiriwira komanso ochezeka. Amadziwika ndi chitetezo chake, ndiye njira yakumapeto kwagalasi yagalasi yolumikizira ndi zomwe sizingalephereke kumapangitsa kuti apange arnic-free mu malonda agalasi. Mlingo waukulu ndi 0,4% -0.6% ya mtanda. Chuma chophatikizika chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalasi a botolo, mipira yamagalasi (yalkali, ya alkali-free), magalasi azamagetsi, galasi lamagetsi, magalasi ena agalasi. Makampani ogulitsa zinthu.
2. Sulfate Clairier
A SulPans omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mugalasi amakhala makamaka sodium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, ndi kusungunuka ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Ngati sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yofotokozera, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito molumikizana ndi oxidizing wothandizira nitrate, ndipo sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi wochepetsera kuti mupewe kusungunula moto wotsika. Sulfate nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mugalasi ya botolo ndi galasi lathyathyathya, ndipo mlingo wake ndi 1.0% -1.5% ya mtanda.
3..
Makamaka fluoride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride ndi zina zotero. Fluoride amakonda ma fluorite komanso sodium fluorteril. Kuchuluka kwa fluorite omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofotokozera nthawi zambiri kumawerengedwa kutengera 0,5% fluorine yoyambitsidwa ndi mtanda. Mlingo wambiri wa sodium fluorosil ulmosil medication ndi 0,4% -0.6% ya kuchuluka kwa sodium oxide mugalasi. Pakusungunuka kwa fluoride, gawo la fluorine limatulutsa hailogen fluoride, silicon fluoride, ndi sodium fluoride. Mavuto ake ndi akulu kuposa a sulufule daoxide. Mphamvu zam'mlengalenga ziyenera kuzilingalira mukamagwiritsa ntchito. The Vaporirization ndi volatilization ya sodium chloride pa kutentha kwambiri kumatha kulimbikitsa kumveketsa kwamagalasi. Mlingo waukulu ndi 1.3% -3.5% ya zinthu za batch. Zochuluka kwambiri zimakweza galasi. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinsinsi chagalasi okhala ndi boron.
Zinayi zowonjezera
Wophatikiza kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito maubwino atatu a kumveka bwino kwa zojambulajambula, kumveketsa kwa sulufur ndi kumveketsa kwazinthu zitatuzo, zomwe zingakwaniritse mphamvu kupitilizabe. Ndi kumveketsa kamodzi. Wothandizirayo ndi wosayerekezeka. Malinga ndi gawo la chitukuko, kuli: M'badwo woyamba wa gulu Mbadwo wachitatu wa zofotokozera zazophatikiza umatchedwanso m'badwo watsopano wa chilengedwe chachilengedwe, omwe ndi obiriwira komanso ochezeka. Amadziwika ndi chitetezo chake, ndiye njira yakumapeto kwagalasi yagalasi yolumikizira ndi zomwe sizingalephereke kumapangitsa kuti apange arnic-free mu malonda agalasi. Mlingo waukulu ndi 0,4% -0.6% ya mtanda. Chuma chophatikizika chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalasi a botolo, mipira yamagalasi (yalkali, ya alkali-free), magalasi azamagetsi, galasi lamagetsi, magalasi ena agalasi. Makampani ogulitsa zinthu.
Post Nthawi: Desic-06-2021