Pepalali likuwonetsa njira yowotcherera yopopera ya botolo lagalasi lotha kuumba kuchokera kuzinthu zitatu
Mbali yoyamba: ndi kutsitsi kuwotcherera ndondomeko botolo ndi chitha kuumba galasi, kuphatikizapo manual kutsitsi kuwotcherera, plasma kutsitsi kuwotcherera, laser kutsitsi kuwotcherera, etc.
Njira wamba wowotcherera nkhungu kutsitsi - kuwotcherera kutsitsi kwa plasma, posachedwapa wapanga zotsogola zatsopano kunja, ndi kukweza kwaukadaulo komanso ntchito zopititsa patsogolo, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "kuwotcherera kutsitsi kwa plasma".
Kuwotcherera kutsitsi kwa Micro plasma kungathandize makampani a nkhungu kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogulira ndi kugula, kukonza kwanthawi yayitali komanso kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zida zimatha kupopera zinthu zosiyanasiyana.Mwachidule m'malo kutsitsi kuwotcherera nyali mutu akhoza kukwaniritsa kutsitsi kuwotcherera zosowa zosiyanasiyana workpieces.
2.1 Kodi tanthauzo lenileni la "nickel-based alloy solder powder" ndi chiyani?
Ndizosamvetsetsana kuti "nickel" ndi chinthu chokongoletsera, makamaka, faifi yopangidwa ndi nickel-based alloy solder powder ndi alloy yopangidwa ndi nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), boron (B) ndi silicon (Si).Aloyiyi imadziwika ndi kutsika kwake kosungunuka, kuyambira 1,020 ° C mpaka 1,050 ° C.
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimachititsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ufa wa nickel-based alloy solder powders (nickel, chromium, boron, silicon) monga zipangizo zopangira zinthu pamsika wonse ndikuti mafuta a fayilo opangidwa ndi alloy solder powders okhala ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri pamsika. .Komanso, ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi adayikidwa mosavuta ndi oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) kuyambira akamayambiriro ake chifukwa chakutsika kwawo kosungunuka, kusalala, komanso kuwongolera bwino kwa thabwa la weld.
Kuwotcherera Mafuta a Oxygen (OFW) kumakhala ndi magawo awiri osiyana: siteji yoyamba, yotchedwa deposition stage, yomwe ufa wotsekemera umasungunuka ndi kumamatira ku workpiece pamwamba;Amasungunuka kuti aziphatikizana komanso kuchepetsa porosity.
Mfundo iyenera kubweretsedwa kuti zomwe zimatchedwa remelting siteji zimatheka chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa zitsulo zosungunuka ndi nickel alloy, zomwe zingakhale chitsulo chosungunuka cha ferritic chokhala ndi 1,350 mpaka 1,400 ° C kapena kusungunuka. mfundo ya 1,370 mpaka 1,500 ° C ya C40 carbon steel (UNI 7845-78).Ndiko kusiyana kwa malo osungunuka omwe amatsimikizira kuti nickel, chromium, boron, ndi silicon alloys sichidzachititsa kuti zitsulo zoyambira zisungunuke pamene zili pa kutentha kwa remelting.
Komabe, kuyika kwa nickel alloy kutha kuthekanso poyika mkanda wothina wawaya popanda kufunikira kokonzanso: izi zimafuna thandizo la plasma arc welding (PTA).
2.2 Nickel-based alloy solder powder omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowoleza nkhonya/pachimake m'makampani agalasi
Pazifukwa izi, makampani opanga magalasi mwachibadwa amasankha ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala kuti azitithira pankhonya.Kuyika kwa ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi kumatha kutheka ndi kuwotcherera gasi wa oxy-fuel (OFW) kapena kupopera mbewu mwachangu ndi moto (HVOF), pomwe njira yosungunulira imatha kutheka ndi makina otenthetsera otenthetsera kapena kuwotcherera gasi wa oxy-fuel (OFW) kachiwiri. .Apanso, kusiyana kwa malo osungunuka pakati pa zitsulo zoyambira ndi nickel alloy ndizofunikira kwambiri, apo ayi kuyika sikungatheke.
Nickel, chromium, boron, silicon alloys angapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito Plasma Transfer Arc Technology (PTA), monga Plasma Welding (PTAW), kapena Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (GTAW), malinga ngati kasitomala ali ndi msonkhano wokonzekera gasi wa inert.
Kuuma kwa ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zofunikira za ntchitoyo, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 30 HRC ndi 60 HRC.
2.3 M'malo otentha kwambiri, kupanikizika kwa ma alloys opangidwa ndi nickel kumakhala kwakukulu
Kuuma kotchulidwa pamwambapa kumatanthauza kuuma kwa kutentha kwa chipinda.Komabe, m'malo otentha kwambiri, kuuma kwa ma alloys opangidwa ndi nickel kumachepa.
Monga tawonera pamwambapa, ngakhale kuuma kwa ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi pa kutentha kwa firiji, kuuma kwa ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuposa aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi pa kutentha kwakukulu (monga kugwira ntchito kwa nkhungu. kutentha).
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kusintha kwa kuuma kwa ufa wosiyanasiyana wa alloy solder ndi kutentha kwakukulu:
2.4 Kodi tanthauzo lenileni la "cobalt-based alloy solder powder" ndi chiyani?
Poganizira cobalt ngati chinthu chotchinga, kwenikweni ndi aloyi wopangidwa ndi cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), kapena cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), ndi molybdenum (Mo).Kawirikawiri amatchedwa "Stellite" solder powder, cobalt-based alloys ali ndi carbides ndi borides kuti apange kuuma kwawo.Ma aloyi ena okhala ndi cobalt amakhala ndi 2.5% ya kaboni.Mbali yaikulu ya cobalt-based alloys ndi kuuma kwawo kwakukulu ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.
2.5 Mavuto omwe amakumana nawo pakuyika ma alloys opangidwa ndi cobalt pankhonya / pachimake:
Vuto lalikulu pakuyika kwa ma alloys opangidwa ndi cobalt ndi okhudzana ndi kusungunuka kwawo kwakukulu.Ndipotu, malo osungunuka a cobalt-based alloys ndi 1,375 ~ 1,400 ° C, yomwe ili pafupi ndi malo osungunuka a carbon steel ndi iron iron.Mongopeka, tikadakhala kuti tigwiritse ntchito kuwotcherera mpweya wa oxy-fuel (OFW) kapena kupopera kwamoto wa hypersonic (HVOF), ndiye kuti panthawi ya "remelting", chitsulo choyambira chimasungunukanso.
Njira yokhayo yopangira ufa wopangidwa ndi cobalt pa punch/core ndi: Transferred Plasma Arc (PTA).
2.6 Za kuziziritsa
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kugwiritsa ntchito njira za Oxygen Fuel Gas Welding (OFW) ndi Hypersonic Flame Spray (HVOF) zimatanthawuza kuti ufa wosanjikiza umasungunuka nthawi imodzi ndikutsatiridwa.Mu gawo lotsatira lokonzanso, mkanda wowotcherera wozungulira umalumikizidwa ndipo pores amadzazidwa.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kugwirizana pakati pa zitsulo zam'munsi ndi pamwamba pazitsulo ndi zangwiro komanso popanda kusokoneza.nkhonya zoyeserera zinali pamzere womwewo (botolo) wopanga, nkhonya pogwiritsa ntchito oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) kapena supersonic flame spraying (HVOF), nkhonya pogwiritsa ntchito plasma transferred arc (PTA), zowonetsedwa chimodzimodzi Pansi pa kuzizira kwa mpweya. , kutentha kwa plasma transfer arc (PTA) ndi 100 ° C kutsika.
2.7 Za makina
Machining ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakupanga nkhonya / pachimake.Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndizosapindulitsa kwambiri kuyika solder ufa (pa nkhonya / cores) ndi kuuma kocheperako pakutentha kwambiri.Chimodzi mwa zifukwa ndi za makina;kukonza pa 60HRC hardness alloy solder powder ndizovuta, kukakamiza makasitomala kusankha magawo otsika pokhazikitsa zida zosinthira (kutembenuza chida, liwiro la chakudya, kuya ...).Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera yopopera pa 45HRC alloy powder ndiyosavuta kwambiri;zida zotembenuza zitha kukhazikitsidwanso zapamwamba, ndipo makinawo amakhala osavuta kumaliza.
2.8 Za kulemera kwa solder ufa woyikidwa
Njira zowotcherera mpweya wa oxy-fuel (OFW) ndi kupopera mbewu kwamoto wa supersonic (HVOF) zili ndi mitengo yotayika kwambiri ya ufa, yomwe imatha kukhala yokwera mpaka 70% pomamatira zinthu zotsekera ku chogwirira ntchito.Ngati kuwotcherera koyambira kutsitsi kumafuna magalamu 30 a ufa wa solder, izi zikutanthauza kuti mfuti yowotcherera iyenera kupopera magalamu 100 a ufa wa solder.
Pakali pano, kuchuluka kwa ufa wa plasma transferred arc (PTA) teknoloji ndi pafupifupi 3% mpaka 5%.Pachimake chowomba chomwecho, mfuti yowotcherera imangofunika kupopera magalamu 32 a ufa wa solder.
2.9 Za nthawi yoperekera
Nthawi zowotcherera mpweya wa Oxy-fuel (OFW) ndi supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) ndizofanana.Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yoyika ndikuyimitsanso pachimake chomwechi ndi mphindi 5.Ukadaulo wa Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) umafunikanso mphindi 5 zomwezo kuti mukwaniritse kuumitsa kwathunthu kwa workpiece (plasma kusamutsidwa arc).
Zithunzi zomwe zili pansipa zikuwonetsa zotsatira za kufananiza pakati pa njira ziwirizi ndi kusamutsidwa kwa plasma arc welding (PTA).
Kufananiza nkhonya za nkhonya za nickel-based cladding ndi cobalt-based cladding.Zotsatira za mayeso othamanga pamzere womwewo wopangira zidawonetsa kuti nkhonya zokhala ndi cobalt zidatenga nthawi ya 3 nthawi yayitali kuposa nkhonya za nickel-based cladding, ndipo nkhonya zokhala ndi cobalt sizinawonetse "kuwonongeka" kulikonse. Mbali yachitatu: Mafunso ndi mayankho okhudzana ndi kuyankhulana ndi Bambo Claudio Corni, katswiri wowotcherera wa ku Italy, wokhudza kuwotcherera kwathunthu kwa pabowo.
Funso 1: Kodi chowotchereracho chimafunika bwanji pakuwotcherera kodzaza ndi utsi?Kodi makulidwe a Solder Layer amakhudza magwiridwe antchito?
Yankho 1: Ine amati makulidwe pazipita kuwotcherera wosanjikiza ndi 2 ~ 2.5mm, ndi matalikidwe oscillation wakhazikitsidwa 5mm;ngati kasitomala amagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wokulirapo, vuto la "lap joint" likhoza kukumana.
Funso 2: Bwanji osagwiritsa ntchito swing yayikulu OSC = 30mm mu gawo lowongoka (lomwe likulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa 5mm)?Kodi izi sizingakhale zogwira mtima kwambiri?Kodi pali kufunikira kwapadera pa swing ya 5mm?
Yankho 2: Ndikupangira kuti gawo lolunjika ligwiritsenso ntchito kugwedezeka kwa 5mm kusunga kutentha koyenera pa nkhungu;
Ngati kugwedezeka kwa 30mm kukugwiritsidwa ntchito, liwiro la kupopera pang'onopang'ono liyenera kukhazikitsidwa, kutentha kwa workpiece kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, ndipo kusungunuka kwazitsulo zoyambira kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, ndipo kuuma kwa zinthu zotayika zotayika kumakhala kokwera kwambiri mpaka 10 HRC.Kuganiziranso kwina kofunikira ndi kupsinjika kotsatirapo pa workpiece (chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu), komwe kumawonjezera mwayi wosweka.
Ndi kugwedezeka kwa 5mm m'lifupi, liwiro la mzere limakhala mofulumira, kuwongolera bwino kungapezeke, ngodya zabwino zimapangidwira, makina opangira zinthu zodzaza amasungidwa, ndipo kutayika ndi 2 ~ 3 HRC yokha.
Q3: Kodi ndi zofunikira zotani za ufa wa solder?Ndi ufa uti wa solder womwe uli woyenera kuwotcherera paboti?
A3: Ndikupangira solder powder model 30PSP, ngati kusweka kumachitika, gwiritsani ntchito 23PSP pazitsulo zachitsulo (gwiritsani ntchito chitsanzo cha PP pazitsulo zamkuwa).
Q4: Chifukwa chiyani chosankha chitsulo cha ductile?Vuto ndi chiyani kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chotuwira?
Yankho 4: Ku Ulaya, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito nodular cast iron, chifukwa nodular cast iron (mayina awiri a Chingerezi: Nodular cast iron and Ductile cast iron), dzinali limapezeka chifukwa graphite yomwe ili nayo ilipo mu mawonekedwe ozungulira pansi pa microscope;mosiyana ndi zigawo Plate-kupanga imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo (kwenikweni, akhoza molondola kwambiri amatchedwa "laminate chitsulo choponyedwa").Kusiyanitsa kotereku kumatsimikizira kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chitsulo cha ductile ndi laminate cast iron: magawowa amapanga kukana kwa geometrical kufalikira kwa ming'alu ndipo motero amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira kwambiri.Komanso, mawonekedwe ozungulira a graphite, omwe amapatsidwa kuchuluka komweko, amakhala ndi malo ochepa, omwe amawononga zinthuzo, motero amapeza zinthu zapamwamba.Kubwerera ku ntchito yake yoyamba ya mafakitale mu 1948, chitsulo cha ductile chakhala njira yabwino yopangira zitsulo (ndi zitsulo zina zoponyedwa), zomwe zimathandiza mtengo wotsika, ntchito yapamwamba.
Kuphatikizika kwa chitsulo cha ductile chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, kuphatikiza ndi kudula kosavuta komanso mawonekedwe osinthika achitsulo choponyedwa, chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha kukoka / kulemera.
makina abwino
mtengo wotsika
Mtengo wa unit uli ndi kukana kwabwino
Kuphatikizika kwabwino kwambiri kwazinthu zamakokedwe komanso elongation
Funso 5: Ndi chiyani chomwe chili bwino kuti chikhale cholimba ndi kuuma kwakukulu komanso kutsika kochepa?
A5: Mtundu wonsewo ndi 35 ~ 21 HRC, ndikupangira kugwiritsa ntchito 30 PSP solder powder kuti ndipeze mtengo wouma pafupi ndi 28 HRC.
Kuuma sikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi moyo wa nkhungu, kusiyana kwakukulu mu moyo wautumiki ndi momwe nkhungu pamwamba pake "yaphimbidwa" ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuwotcherera pamanja, zenizeni (zowotcherera zinthu ndi zitsulo zoyambira) kuphatikiza nkhungu zomwe mwapeza sizili bwino ngati za plasma ya PTA, ndipo zokopa nthawi zambiri zimawonekera popanga magalasi.
Funso 6: Kodi kuchita kuwotcherera kutsitsi lonse lamkati mkati?Kodi kudziwa ndi kulamulira khalidwe la solder wosanjikiza?
Yankho 6: Ndikupangira kukhazikitsa liwiro la ufa wochepa pa PTA welder, osapitirira 10RPM;kuyambira pa ngodya ya phewa, sungani kusiyana kwa 5mm kuti muwotchere mikanda yofanana.
Lembani kumapeto:
Mu nthawi ya kusintha kwachangu kwaukadaulo, sayansi ndiukadaulo zimayendetsa kupita patsogolo kwa mabizinesi ndi anthu;kuwotcherera utsi wa workpiece chomwecho chingapezeke ndi njira zosiyanasiyana.Kwa fakitale ya nkhungu, kuwonjezera pa kuganizira zofunikira za makasitomala ake, zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ziyeneranso kuganizira za mtengo wa ndalama za zida, kusinthasintha kwa zipangizo, kukonza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito pambuyo pake, komanso ngati zida zimatha kuphimba zinthu zambiri.Kuwotcherera kopopera kwa Micro plasma mosakayikira kumapereka chisankho chabwinoko kumafakitale a nkhungu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-17-2022